Electric incandescent vacuum-lamp



No. 62l,292.' Patented Mar; l4, I899 F. M. F. CAZIN.

ELECTRIC INGANDESCENT VACUUM LAMP.

(Application fllod Oct. 15, 1897.)

(lo M w: NQRWS PETERS co, PHommm" WASHINGTON, 0 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS M. F. OA ZIN, OF HOBOKEN, NEIV JERSEY.

ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT VACUUM-LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 621,292, dated March 14, 1899.

Application filed October 15, 1897. Serial No. 655,812. (No model.)

T0. at whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at 1108 Bloomfield street, I'Ioboken, in the county of Hudson, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Electric Incandescent Vacuum-Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

In my Patent No. 566,285, of August 18, 1896, I disclosed an electric incandescent lamp in which the air-exhausted glass housing incloses a solid body, of which the semiconductive filament is an integral part and which solid body may be of any desired shape. (Lines 44 and 45.) In my application, Serial No. 562,189, of Septemberll, 1895, I disclosed an improved modification of the said lamp in which the 1uminant-viz., the inclosed solid body-is set independently 011 the base part of the lamp and in which the former consists of two cohesive elements, of which elements a linear continuous filament incandescing and producing heat under electric cur-rent is one, it being understood that whenever made of carbon it must be chemically and electrically insulated from the other element, and a body of rare-metal oxid as the other element. In my application, Serial No. 567,332, of October 29, 1895, I disclosed, besides a specific preferred form of the luminant, processes for manufacturing the luminant-body and an improved base part. The primary purpose of all these improvements had been clearly set forth by me in my Patent No. 523,461, of July 24;, 1894, in stating that they were made with a view to utilize, beside the incandescence of the film, also the dark heat-rays emanating therefrom. As a secondary purpose the further protection and the supporting of the filament proper appeared in all of my disclosures. The one main means used for carrying out these well-defined purposes and as first disclosed by me consisted in a luminant solid body in which two elements were integrally combined-namely, a semiconductive linear and continuous filament of suliicient resistance to become heated and luminous under current as the one element and solid other matter peculiarly adapted to become lumi-= nous or incandescent by the heat emanating from the other element without interference on the part of the second element with the conductivity of the first element and itself not being fused by such heat. All of my disclosures related to the same purposes, as aforesaid, and to the same main means, as above stated, and represented a progressive evolution of details of form and arrangement of parts.

The present application, besides supplementing preceding disclosures by more specific description, discloses new and supple mentary means applied in furthering the same purpose-namely, the use of asupplementary glass bulb and air-space for preserving and concentrating the heat which is used in heating the second element in the luminous body and incidentally for protecting the inner airexhausted bulb against the formation of a darkening deposit on its inside as the result of cooling-and it further discloses an improved base part for the support of the luminant-body.

In the adjoined drawings, forming part of my specification, Figure 1 represents a central vertical section of my improved lamp. Fig. 2 represents the uppermost part of the same in modified form. r Similar symbols indicate in the figures identical parts.

The lamp, as shown in the drawings, comprises five parts, namely: first, an air-exhausted glass bulb A; second, a base part, with its appurtenances for insulating the inleading wires and for making their pole connections, (marked B and D;) third, an outer or extra glass housing or bulb 0, providing for an air-filled space inclosing the bulb A, with the exception of, fourth, a part a of the bulb A, which part a projects out of and beyond the space that is inclosed by the extra bulb O, and, fifth, a solid body E, the luminous part of'the lamp.

The air-exhausted glass bulb A is shown as mainly of globular form, but may be ofany other form suitable to inclose the luminous body E. It has two projections a and a, which are originally of tubular form. The

projecting tube a serves a double purposenamely, for forming an exposed projecting part in the lamp when finished and for connection with the vacuum-pump in the usual manner of exhausting air from the bulb A, such double purpose being effected by making the seal a at a distance from the bulb A. The tubular stub a serves three different purposes, namely: first, as a channel whereby the luminous bodyE isinserted into the bulb A; second, as means of joining the base B to the bulb A, and, third, as accessory means in making hermetical seals. Instrumental to the first purpose is the proportioning of the width of the stub a by the size of the body E, which body may be flexible and requiring less width of channel than when it is rigid. The second purpose may be effected by fusing a to b, itbeing immaterial which be inside of the other, or whether they be fused end to end, or whether both be fused to the tube D, of which the end (Z is closed and forms a hermetical seal around the inleading wires f andf. The third purpose is achieved by direct or intermediate fusion of a to thesealing-tube D.

The base part is composed of two originally-independent parts B and D. The part B is a pressure-blown bottle entirely of glass, one end I) of which participates in all the stated functions of the stub a and the other end Z1 of which forms a recess for receiving and holding the outer end of the part D of the base and a seat for the contact-button if, connecting theinleading wire f with an out side electric-current conductor. The body of this outer part B of the base, of which the two ends have been described, is made serviceable to two purposes-namely, to make connection with and hold in place the extra bulb O and to offer a suitable surface for receiving and holding in proper place the contact-ring l)". The said surface has a wartshaped puncture b to facilitate the passing and sealing of the wire f and the contact thereof with the contact-ring b by means of the solder button Z). The partD of the base resembles a test-tube. Its end (1 has assigned to it the main function of sealing the inleading wires and intermediately or directly the stub a of the bulb A. In sealing the wires I preferably make use of powdered glass as a solderingmaterial, causing the closed tube end and the glass powder to fuse around the wires; but the end a of the part D has also the other important function of supporting the luminous body E by means of the inleading wires. The inleading wires 1" and f are insulated from one another within the tube D, f passing longitudinally out through the recess (F and the contact-button If to the metalsolder button 1) while the wire f passes laterally through the aperture d to the solder button I)" and the contact-ring b". In using a suitable socket the contact-ring b" may be dispensed with, the solder button Z)" making one and the cap or button b or b mak ing the other pole connection. The insulation of the inleading wires is exclusively perfected by the glass of the base or by the glass of the two parts B and D of the allglass base.

The outer or extra glass housing or bulb C.

is shown of spherical form, but may be of any other suitable form as long as space is left between its walls and those of the main part of the air-exhausted bulb. It is provided at one place with an aperture c, through which a minor part of the bulb A projects, and at a diametrically opposite place with a neck 0, which fits to a shoulder Z) of the base part I it being self-evident that the neck 0 mustbe wide enough to just allow the bulb A to enter into the bulb 0, though after effecting such entrance the neck 0' maybe contracted more or less in fitting the same to the shoulders Z). The part of the base part B, which, on account of the width of the neck 0", must surround the neck I), which part is marked 1), is preferably made convex for the purpose of spreading the light by reflection, which it receives from the light-producing body E, and such part b is suitably prepared for such purpose of reflection by foil or other suitable backing material. It is by means of the comparatively lower heat conductivity of an air body in rest as against a constantlychanging air body or air-draft that the bulb C and the air-filled space therein perform the function of preserving and concentrating the heat produced in the lamp for the heretofore stated purpose, while expansion and contraction of air may operate without ma terial hindrance or detrimentary effect by means of the annular opening at c. The part of the bulb A projecting out of the extra bulb 0 serves as such an important and specific purpose, on account of which it is cited as one of the main parts of my new and improved lamp.

The employment jointly of an airfilled space inclosed in an extra outer glass bulb with the inner airexhausted glass bulb in the same lamp for the main purpose of concentrating and preserving the heat produced in the filament to the effect that the solid matter constituting the second element in the luminous body be kept at high temperature serves or may be made serviceable to another important purposenamely, of prolonging the life of the lamp-by removing one of the causes for terminating its usefulness. The cause referred to is the darkening of the inner bulb by some brownish deposit on its inside. To this very cause the necessity of discarding as giving insufficient light a large number or percentage of vacuum-lamps must be ascribed. As all other deposits of matter previously volatilized, the brownish matter deposits where it finds a cool or cooling surface, a surface of lower temperature than that at which it became volatilized. To keep all the inner bulb hot would result in keeping the volatilized matter mainly in gaseous form, in which form it would have the same effect of lessening the light emanating from the lamp.

It therefore is my intention not to prevent the said deposition of brownish matter entirely, but it is my intention to concentrate the deposit within a minor part of the vacuum-bulb by means of allowing this minor part to cool off in contact with the atmosphere, while the main or major part of the vacuum-bulb is kept clean by being kept hot. I effect this by having a minor part of the vacuum-bulb project beyond the walls of the outer or extra bulb. This projection is marked a in Figs. 1 and 2. It may have any final shape that the glassblowers art can impart to it. I preferably 10- cate the projection at the end of the vacuumbulb, which is diametrically opposed to the end, by means of which the vacuum-bulb is joined to the base, but the projection may as well be differently located.

The solid body E, the luminous part of the lamp, is in all of its essential characteristics the same as I have stated hereinabove as the subject-matter of my previous applications.

In manufacturing my lamp I first mount and recontraction may be avoided by making the body E flexible. In the luminous body E the first element is markede and the second element is marked e on either side of e. The cup-shaped terminals are marked 6'.

Having described my invention, I claim 1. In an electric incandescent vacu um-lamp an all-glass base part, which as such provides for complete current connection, and which itself consists,when made, of two concentrical parts, its inner part having the shape of a test-tube, of which the closed end protrudes into the air-exhausted bulb-space, and of which the open end reaches into a recess in the extreme end of the other or outer part of said base, which outer part is a press-blown bottle, that tightly fits on and to the inner part with its ends, and which further fits near its top part into one or two bulb-necks, and with its middle part into a suitable contact ring or socket, and with its other extreme end part into a con tact-button, such ring and such buttonbeing insulated from one another by the glass of the all-glass base part exclusively, as and for the. purpose set forth.

2. In an electric incandescent vacuum-lamp an all-glass base part, which as such provides for complete current connection, and which consists of two concentrical parts, fitting hermetically together the inner part having the shape of a test-tube, of which the closed end protrudes into the air-exhausted bulb-space, and the outer part having the shape of apressblown glass bottle, with neck, body and recess, the neck and body singly or jointly fitting hermetically into the neck of one or more glass 3. In an electric incandescent vacuum-lamp an all-glass base part, being a combination of an outer part, which is in the shape of a pressblown bottle, and an inner part, which is. in the shape of a tube, which fits into the neck and recess stubs of the bottle-shaped part, the one end of the tube being sealed around the inleading wires and into one end of the airexhausted glass bulb, and being fused to one end of the bottle-shaped part, and the other end of the tube being joined to the opposite end of the bottle-shaped part as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In an electric incandescent vacuum-lamp an all-glass base part, which exclusively pro vides for two current connections, and which as such consists of two concentrical glass parts, that are hermetically joined together, near their extreme ends, the inner part having the shape of a tube, one end of which forms a hermetical seal around the inleading wires, protrudes into the air-exhausted bulbspace and supports theluminous part or parts of the lamp, and the outer part having the shape of a press-blown glass bottle, the neck and upper part of body of which singly or jointly form one or more hermetical seals with the neckor necks of luminous parts inclosing glass bulbs, and the main part of which outer part has a surface of threaded or other suitable form to fit into a contact-ring, to which one inleading wire is connected, and has a butt-end, to fit into a contact-button, to which the other inleading wire is connected, such ring and button being insulated from one another by the glass of said base part, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. An electric incandescent vacuum-lamp, having an extra glass housing, surrounding the air-exhausted glass bulb and leaving an air-filled space between the glass walls of the bulb and the housing, an outlet from said space into the atmosphere and a part of the air-exhausted bulb projecting from the housing, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. An all-glass base or supporting part in an electric-incandescent vacuum-lamp, which consists of two concentrical parts, which together form, exclusive of all other matter, a complete insulation for the inleading wires of the lamp, the central or inner part having the form of a testtube, of which the closed end projects into the air-exhausted glass bulb of the lamp and seals the inleading wires where they pass its walls, and the outer part fitting hermetically on the inner part, and being in its shape adapted to fit into suitable contact ring and contact-button, the one at a distance from the other, and sealing the inleading wire or Wires, where they pass through its Walls, as and for the purpose set forth.

'7. An electric incandescent vacuum-lamp, having an extra, glass housing, surrounding the inner air-exhausted glass bulb and leaving" space between the inner and outer glass \\'zt11s,u-ndhu\'iug a part of the inner bulb projeeting through the housing into the surrounding atmosphere, as and for the purpose 10 Set forth.

Hobokeu, New Jersey, October 12, 1897. FRANCIS M. F. OAZIN. Witnesses:

CHAS. A. GUDENRATH, WM. BREMERMAN. 

